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Naslovna Octopus Databaza Komunikacija Pretraživanje
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Poslednjih 10 poruka
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Sekcije - tekstovi
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Imali smo 177619681posećenih stranica od January 2005
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Forumi › AKVARIJUMSKA TEHNIKA I OSTALE POTREPŠTINE › Staklo, grejači, svetlo i sva ostala tehnika potrebna za održavanje akvarijuma › Izvori svetla u akvaristici |
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Idi na stranu: Prethodna 1, 2
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Re: Izvori svetla u akvaristici
Poslato: Čet Feb 16, 2006 12:54 am
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Re: Izvori svetla u akvaristici
Poslato: Pet Feb 24, 2006 11:58 pm
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Re: Izvori svetla u akvaristici
Poslato: Sub Feb 25, 2006 12:36 am
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Re: Izvori svetla u akvaristici
Poslato: Sub Feb 25, 2006 2:08 am
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Re: Izvori svetla u akvaristici
Poslato: Ned Dec 10, 2006 7:22 pm
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Re: Izvori svetla u akvaristici
Poslato: Čet Mar 15, 2007 1:32 am
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Pridružio se: Feb 26, 2007 Poruke: 11 Lokacija: Beograd, Zemun
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Evo da i ja izlozim neki svoj pocetnicki problem na ovoj temi
Kada sam formirao akvarijum u poklopcu sam imao dve obicne sijalice od po 25w, nakon toga sam probao da ubacim neonsko svetlo - dve neonske sijalice koje trose po 11w struje, a ako sam dobro shvatio trebalo bi da daju oko 50w osvetljenja...nista mi se to nije dopalo pa sam pronasao radnju sa T5 lampama od po 8w, koristim ih nekoliko nedelja, okacene na sredini poklopca sa razmakom od oko 5 cm (jedino sam tako mogao da ih nakacim na postojeci poklopac koji menjam uskoro) i stvarno daju vrlo dobro osvetljenje sa "daylight" neonkama, jace nego one sijalice. Uzeo sam pritom nekoliko rezervnih, medju kojima i jednu UV, cisto da vidim na sta bi to licilo, ali osvetljava jaako slabo i ne vidim vajdu od nje tako da je nisam ni kacio unutra.
Biljke su u dobrom stanju, jedna vrsta cak nenormalno raste, moze se svaki dan primetiti promena. Jedino me muci anubias (od kako sam ga posadio pre dva meseca) koji ima na nekim listovima braon delove i manje-vise ne menja svoje dimenzije od pocetka formiranja akvarijuma. Druga stvar koja se dogadja, a pretpostavljam da je vezana za svetlo - Barbusi su poceli da se sakrivaju po mracnijim delovima akvarijuma, tacnije pod filter, panj ili listove anubiasa, a neki na dan ili dva i malo izgube boju-poblede, pa se kasnije njima vrati a drugima nestane i tako u krug
Da napomenem i da sam se pre ovih T5 mucio sa temperaturom vode koja je umela da varira i za po 3-4 stepena dnevno, dok sada stoji zakucana na 24,5 - 25, sto je pretpostavljam - dobra stvar  Takodje su problemi koje sam imao sa zelenim algama - zaustavljeni, maltene se vise i ne pojavljuju.
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Re: Izvori svetla u akvaristici
Poslato: Sre Apr 18, 2007 6:07 pm
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Pridružio se: Avg 31, 2005 Poruke: 702 Lokacija: Beograd
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Ево неких основних појашњења у вези ЛЕ диода, као и осветљења уопште (извор је каталог ЛЕД једне реномиране стране фирме). Следи не промењен текст:
,,Wavelength
Monochromatic colours (spectral colours) are normally indicated in wavelengths. The wavelength (symbol (lamda)) describes the space between two waves. This space is measured in nm (nanometre). The visible prismatic colours (spectral colours) decrease in their wavelengths from red to blue. Example: red (630nm), blue (470nm)
Luminous Intensity: mcd (Milli Candela)
The abbreviation mcd stands for Milli Candela. It is an indicator for the brightness of a LCD or generally for any illuminating object (the base unit of luminous intensity) in connection with the angle of radiation. Roughly 1 cd (or rather 1000mcd) corresponds approx. to the brightness of a candle.
A isotropic light source of the luminous intensity
1 Candela radiates a luminous flux of dQ = 1 lumen (per steradian) dw = 1 steradian: I = dQ/dw
A Candela is the luminous intensity (luminous flux density) of a radiant source which emits a monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 · 1012 hertz corresponding to a wavelength of 555nm, with a capacity of 1/683 watt per steradian (solid angle). As in the case of all photometric measurements the brightness sensitivity curve determines the physiological dependence on the wavelength. For the selected wavelength the following applies: V(555nm) = 1.
The brightness of a surface emitter indicates the luminance measured in cd/m².
Luminous Flux:
The total lighting performance of an illuminating object is declared in lumens, independent of its direction of illumination. The luminous flux is the activity unit in the light measurement system. 1lm = illuminance of 1lx.
Examples:
- white LED at 20mA: 2lm (max.)
- green LED at 20mA: 4lm (max)
- K2 Luxeon LED white: 180lm (max.)
- halogen-spot 50W: 1300lm
- light bulb 100W: 1500lm
- fluorescent tube 30W: 1600lm
Angle of radiation
The angle of radiation indicates in which forward direction the light is emitted.
Innately LEDs have a „cupola“ on the shell. This is a lens. Depending on the desired angle of radiation the wiring with the chip is embedded higher or lower into the shell. The distance between chip and lens and the lens curve then create different angles similar to a magnifying-glass and glasses (the farther away from an object or rather the stronger the curve of the eyeglass lens the larger the object appears).
In order to widen or reduce the angle of radiation for certain LED types there are optics (lenses) which are affixed in front of the LED.
Diffuse LEDs do not have an angle of radiation due to the fact that their shell material is milky and the light radiates in all directions in equal measures.
Lumiled Luxeon LEDs and SuperFlux LEDs normally have quite a wide angle of radiation of 90- 140°; on the other hand standard-LEDs (5mm and 3mm) usually only have 20°. The wider the angle of radiation the lower the luminous intensity (mcd) becomes. The total lighting performance (lumens) remains the same.
SMD-LEDs
SMD (surface mounted device) are not wired rather merely have solderable footprints which assist in soldering them to the surface of a circuit board. This design is generally better suitable for machine mounting.
Due to their small overall size SMD LEDs are limited in their heat flow and will therefore probably not reach their „siblings“ (SuperFlux, 5mm shell and so on) in matters of luminance and lifespan in the near future.
Efficiency / Luminous Efficacy
The luminous efficacy indicates how efficiently a product transforms the electrical power (watt) into light (lumens).
In the case of almost all illuminants a large part of the energy (with light bulbs over 90%) deflagrates into unnecessary heat. LEDs do not operate with filaments and therefore produce considerably less heat. They are more efficient. In average every 2-3 years the luminous efficacy of the LEDs is reduplicated. A short while ago the white LEDs were at 20lm/W; in the meantime anything up to 70lm/W is possible.
The physical maximum limit of the luminous efficacy is at 683 lumens per watt. It is therefore still quite a long way until this value can nearly be achieved.
Examples:
- carbon arc lamp 8lm/W
- light bulb 15lm/W
- halogen spot 30lm/W
- standard LED white 40lm/W
- standard LED red 60lm/W
- fluorescent tube 60lm/W
- Luxeon K2 white 65lm/W
- mercury vapour lamp 90lm/W
Colour Temperature: K (Kelvin)
The colour temperature is indicated in Kelvin (K). This unit can be found for white LEDs because these do not have any wavelengths. As is generally known white is not a colour rather a total “reflection” or disbursement of all spectral colours (e.g. by mixing several colours or by a partial transformation of blue into yellow light).
The colour temperature is a comparison unit. It is compared to the smouldering of a black body (titan). So black has the temperature OK (-273°C). When heated slightly the body radiates in the area of infrared which is the reason why we cannot detect a generation of heat here with the naked eye. When heated further the body can assume the colours red, yellow, white and even blue. So if the colour temperature of a white LED is indicated at 10 000K this means nothing other than that a titan body must be 10 000K hot in order to radiate this “colourfulness”.
Excerpt:
- candle light: 1500K
- light bulb: 2800K
- halogen lamp: 3400K
- fluorescent tubes: 4000K
- moonlight: 4100K
- setting sun 5000K
- sunlight: 6000- 8000K
- sky light: 9000-18000K
Colour location: X/Y in CIE-triangle
The colour location is a coordinate in the so-called CIE-triangle. CIE is the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (engl. International Illumination Commission). The CIE is a non-profit organisation which has made standardization (ISO, IEC, CEN) and the exchange of information in the area of illumination their business.
The CIE-triangle is a 1976 determined colour space. In it all theoretically visible colours can be found. By means of coordinates any definite colour of light can be indicated.
All spectral colours lie in the border area of the CIE-triangle.
Monochromatic / Polychromatic
Light with only one individual wavelength (spectral colours) is called monochromatic.
Monochromatic (gr: mono-chromos, one colour):
Infrared, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet (and all colours in between these stages)
Polychromatic (gr: poly-chromos, many colours):
Brown, pink, magenta, white.''
Ово би требало да објасни добро неке појмове онима које интересује поменута тема, али ако неко има извесна питања у вези текста верујем да их овде поже изнети пошто су питања више општег карактера (не односе се на фирму која је писала католог). Мада, напомињем да текст има искључиво учитељски (да не кажем ,,едукативни'') карактер, никако рекламни.
Поздрав свима!
_________________ (Александар) |
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Re: Izvori svetla u akvaristici
Poslato: Pet Apr 20, 2007 2:38 pm
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Re: Izvori svetla u akvaristici
Poslato: Sub Apr 21, 2007 5:29 am
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Re: Izvori svetla u akvaristici
Poslato: Sub Apr 21, 2007 9:57 am
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Re: Izvori svetla u akvaristici
Poslato: Sub Apr 21, 2007 6:14 pm
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Re: Izvori svetla u akvaristici
Poslato: Ned Sep 12, 2010 12:35 pm
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Re: Izvori svetla u akvaristici
Poslato: Pon Sep 13, 2010 6:51 am
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Re: Izvori svetla u akvaristici
Poslato: Čet Feb 03, 2011 9:32 pm
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